Oil hedging hit record levels in October as traders sought to reduce risk amid the Middle East conflict and an expected oversupply in 2025, driving volatility in crude oil prices.
HOUSTON (Reuters) – Oil hedging activity reached unprecedented levels in October, as investors sought to protect their portfolios from potential losses amidst escalating geopolitical tensions in the Middle East and a bearish outlook for oil supply and demand in 2025. This dramatic rise in oil hedging has led to record-breaking trading volumes in oil futures and options, reflecting a growing desire among producers and traders to mitigate risks associated with uncertain markets.
According to data from the Intercontinental Exchange (ICE), 68.44 million barrels of oil futures and options were traded in October, surpassing the previous monthly record set in March 2020. During that period, Brent crude futures experienced a steep decline of approximately $30 per barrel as global demand collapsed in response to COVID-19 lockdowns.
Meanwhile, the CME Group reported an all-time single-day high for weekly crude oil options on Oct. 18, with 58,132 contracts traded. This surge underscores how oil hedging has become a preferred strategy for market participants navigating these volatile conditions. Aegis Hedging, a leading advisory firm whose client portfolio represents about 25-30% of total U.S. oil production, also saw a significant rise in trades in October, with a 15% increase over previous records.
“Bullish Market Events Fuel Surging Oil Hedging”
The ongoing Middle East conflict has intensified oil hedging, with investors watching closely for any developments that might impact oil production or transportation. Jay Stevens, director of market analytics and fundamentals at Aegis Hedging, noted that “bullish surprises,” such as potential attacks on critical oil infrastructure, tend to prompt high trading volumes as clients aim to offset exposure to geopolitical risks.
Market watchers spent much of October speculating on Israel’s response to an Iranian missile attack on Oct. 1. Many feared that Israeli retaliation might target Iran’s oil infrastructure, which could disrupt global energy supplies. However, Israel’s later actions avoided Iranian oil facilities, and Brent crude prices subsequently dropped by approximately $4 per barrel in the days that followed. This eased some of the market’s “risk premium” and brought temporary relief to prices.
Brent crude futures fluctuated within a wide range last month, with prices moving between $70 and $81 per barrel. In the prior quarter, Brent futures declined by 17%, and West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude futures saw a 16% decrease, according to data from LSEG. The intense volatility has made oil hedging and options trading increasingly attractive, with traders eager to manage potential downside risks.
Growing 2025 Oil Hedging Demand Amid Sluggish Market Outlook
While geopolitical factors are raising the potential for price hikes, traders and producers are also considering the implications of a sluggish demand outlook for 2025. Analysts predict that WTI could average around $65 per barrel next year, with a possible downside of under $50 if the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries and allies (OPEC+) ramp up production. Matt Portillo, an analyst at Tudor, Pickering, Holt & Co, indicated that weak demand from major economies could further pressure oil prices in the coming year.
“The market is addressing a supply and demand imbalance,” said Peter Keavey, global head of energy at CME Group. “Investors are increasingly turning to options markets for oil hedging as a way to mitigate risk.” This shift is reflected in a 38% year-on-year increase in the average daily volume of WTI crude oil options traded on the CME.
U.S. shale producer Coterra Energy recently announced new oil hedging measures in its third-quarter report. The company added 305,000 barrels of WTI oil hedges for Q4 2024, in addition to the 3.68 million barrels it already held. Coterra also expanded its 2025 hedges, securing an additional 4.205 million barrels of WTI contracts.
The recent decision by OPEC+ to postpone its planned December output increase by one month due to weak demand, notably from China, has further underscored the need for effective oil hedging. This delay is seen as an attempt to prevent further price drops amid rising supply from non-OPEC producers.
The oil market faces numerous uncertainties heading into 2025, from potential supply adjustments by OPEC+ to geopolitical events that may disrupt production. As a result, oil hedging is likely to remain a critical strategy for traders and producers aiming to safeguard their positions in this unpredictable landscape.